SuppleKrunch™ Equine Performance Electrolyte
for Horses and Ponies

SuppleKrunch™ Equine Performance Electrolytes is designed to increase electrolyte "hunger" and promote drinking and hydrating in horses and ponies on a generally well-balanced diet during excessive sweating conditions such as:

• Endurance training, racing, distance, and three-day events
• After hard work, showing, and transporting
• Any work during hot and humid weather conditions

OR for lactating mares

Will not test under U.S.E.F rules, including endurance *
*Check for your discipline under E.F.I. rules

Weight: 8 oz (227 grams)
Number of treats: approx. 45 treats
Each treat: 4.8 grams
Serving size: 5 treats (24 grams)
Servings per container: 7-9

SuppleKrunch™ Equine Performance Electrolytes is unique

In each each 8 oz. bag (227 grams)
essential electrolytes formulated in a specific proportion lost during excessive sweating in horses and ponies, or by lactating mares
Sodium (Na+) 1,779 mg
Potassium (K+) 941 mg
Chloride (Cl-) 3,598 mg
Calcium (Ca2+) 216 mg
Magnesium (Mg2+) 118 mg
Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 4,520 mg
Potassium Chloride (KCl) 1,800 mg

1 oz. (28 grams) of chia provides a naturally stable plant source of omega-3 (4,915 mg Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid) and omega-6 (1,620 mg Linoleic Fatty Acid), soluble mucilage fiber which absorbs 10 times its volume of water in the intestines promoting hydration and increasing water reserves. This sustains electrolyte balance during exercise, maintains blood glucose levels, and provides amino acids such as glycine promoting absorption of electrolytes, and vitamin B3 (niacin). 15,858 mg of muscadine grape seed meal as an anti-oxidant / anti- inflammatory complex and 17,443 ORAC units providing support for cellular health milk thistle seed powder and garlic metabolic and liver tonic complex sweet potatoes for a great taste horses love.

No Sweeteners
No fillers

Serving Suggestions:

• For light training/smaller size horse or pony: 1-2 servings before and immediately after exercise
• For strenuous training/larger horse/excessive sweating/hot and humid conditions: 2-4 servings in several intervals starting several hours before and immediately after exercise
• Ideally, give electrolyte treats before and immediately after a workout for maximum benefit
• For sustained maximum performance and recovery, electrolyte loses must be replaced daily
• If participating in long endurance-type competitions, give electrolyte treats every half-an-hour or every hour in the same serving size
• When giving horses SuppleKrunch™ Performance Electrolyte treats, always provide access to fresh pure water
• SuppleKRUNCH™ treats may be first sweetened with a few drops of molasses to introduce to a horse with a "sweet tooth"
• Introduce your horse to electrolyte treats in a stress-free environment first before the show. Use Competition or Original SuppleKRUNCH treats to accustom your horse or pony to the taste.

Benefits of SuppleKRUNCH™ Performance Electrolytes

• Electrolyte treats encourage drinking and hydration. Improved hydration leads to increased performance, speeds up post-exercise recovery, slows overheating, and reduces exhaustion and performance deterioration.
• Induced "salt hunger" or "electrolyte hunger" in salt-deficient and dehydrated horse encourages daily electrolyte intake. This helps reduce signs of exercise-induced electrolyte imbalance such as heart and respiration rate elevation, GI system disruption, impaction and colic, mental unresponsiveness, muscle cramps, tying-up, reduced sweating, and decreased food and water intake.
• Electrolyte treats will not irritate the empty stomach.

Additional Benefits of SuppleKRUNCH™

• Palatable to horses and ponies
• Easy to feed and carry while on the trail, at a show, or on the road
• Human grade natural plant-food based ingredients grown on small farms practicing sustainability and, when available, grown organically
• Active ingredients are never chemically derived, which enhances their bioavailability
• Small batch production and proprietary dehydration and pulverization process for maximum potency and easy absorption
• Ingredients are scientifically shown to promote health with omega-3 fatty acids and synergetic antioxidant/anti-inflammatory complex
• Additional benefits for skin, coat, and hooves
• Will not go rancid or spoil before "use-by" date

Ingredients:

mississippi sweet potato, organic oats, raw chia seeds (salvia hispanica) freshly ground, muscadine grape pomace (seeds and skin) freshly, apple cider vinegar, raw organic garlic, white table salt (sodium chloride), lite salt™ (sodium chloride and potassium chloride), and milk thistle (silybum marianum) freshly ground

Guaranteed Analysis

Crude protein:....................11.5% min
Crude fat:...............................9.2% min
Crude fiber:..........................6.0% max
Moisture:............................10.2% max
NSC: 30.1%
Equine TDN 72%
Equine DE (Mcal/lb) 1.45
ME(kcal/kg) 3281.43

Active Ingredients per 8 oz. (227 grams) bag:

ORAC 17,443 units
omega-3 (Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid)	4,915 mg
omega-6 (Linoleic Fatty Acid)	1,620 mg
omega-9 (Oleic Fatty Acid)	4,294 mg
muscadine grape seed meal:	15,858 mg
organic garlic	9,591 mg
milk thistle (silymarin and silybin):	776 mg
Total cis-unsaturated fat:	82%

Electrolytes:

• Sodium (Na+) 1,779 mg
• Potassium (K+) 941 mgmg
• Chloride (Cl-) 3,598 mgmg
• Calcium (Ca2+) 216 mgmg
• Magnesium (Mg2+) 118 mgmg
• Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 4,520 mgmg
• Potassium Chloride (KCl) 1,800 mgmg

SuppleKrunch™ Equine Performance Electrolytes

• For Equine Yoga incentive
• Our treats are appropriate for insulin-resistant horses
• As a reward, horses LOVE our treats
• Before or after training for energy after a workout or a show
• To calm a nervous horse
• For stress reduction during shipping, travel, and performing
• For endurance and focus
• Soak with water to soften for old horses
• Break into smaller peaces and dress over regular food for picky eaters
• Scatter on the stable floor to reduce "stable vice" and cribbing

Equine Electrolyte Loss and Dehydration

Sweating is an essential mechanism for heat dissipation during exercise or exposure to hot weather conditions. The equine sweat is produced by apocrine glands which are present over most skin. Comparing to the human sweat, equine sweat composition has more electrolytes composed of mostly sodium, chloride, and potassium. Horses can loose water at a rate 10-15 liters per hour. Daily loss of fluids and electrolytes in horses are affected by the duration and intensity of exercise, and weather conditions such as temperature and humidity. For example in one simulated test, during light exercise in cool weather conditions the 4 liters of fluid and 43 grams of total electrolyte ions loss was reported. This is in comparison to the 19 liters and 200 grams of fluids and electrolytes loss during speed and endurance training in hot weather. Lactating mares produce 20-25 liters of milk daily which leads to daily loss of about 4 grams of sodium and 12 grams of potassium. Equine ionic sweat composition and rate of sweat loss stays virtually constant during prolong low-intensity exercise, while there is a 21% decrease in plasma volume and an 8.5% reduction in total body water. Low dehydration below 5% loss is difficult to detect in the horse's body. Dehydration leads to performance deterioration, contributes to exhaustion, slows exercise recovery process, and leads to overheating. Prolonged exercise, such as endurance rides or shorter periods of intense exercise, such as racing can result even in large losses of water and electrolytes in the sweat. The sweat produced during an exercise-induced thermal load is further increased by high temperature or humidity which reduces evaporative efficiency. Because sodium (salt) is present in such low amounts in the horse's diet, horses have natural appetite for salt. The natural "salt-hunger" can be diminished simply because salt is irritating to the mouth or stomach when opened sores or ulcers are precent. Horses which are already salt-deficient and mildly dehydrated may not have "salt-hunger" or "electrolyte hunger" and consequently will not drink water because of the hormone aldosterone acting on low sodium to conserve it in the body at the expense of potassium excretion. This is accomplished via the process of sodium and water reabsorption from the gut, kidneys, colon, but not from sweat. This process leads to temporary dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in all horses, but specifically in those in heavy work and in hot and humid conditions.

Antioxidant/Anti-inflammatory complex: When production of oxidative compounds (Free Radicals) in the horse's body exceeds antioxidant capabilities, the organism is said to be in a state of oxidative stress. Each cell can be considered individually as it both produces oxidative stressors and detoxifies these stressors during the normal functions of the living cell. Free Radicals can attack DNA, cell membranes and a host of cellular machinery such as enzymes, lipids and proteins. Oxidative stress is caused by respiration, diet, drugs, ultraviolet(UV) radiation, airborne toxins and pollutants, and exercise. O.R.A.C. (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) units are used to measure and compare the antioxidant activity.

Muscadines Grape Seed Meal is very high in antioxidant phenolic compounds (bioflavonoids), flavonoids, resveratrol, quercetin, anthocyanins, OPCs (oligomeric proanthocyanidins), catechins, epicatechins, gallocatechins, epigallocatechins, procyanidins and hydrolyzable tannins (polymers of ellagic and gallic acid). Studies have shown that the antioxidant power of proanthocyanidins is about 20 times greater than vitamin E and 50 times greater than vitamin C. Extensive research suggests that constituents of Muscadine Grape Seed and Skin Meal are beneficial in many areas of health because of their antioxidant effect to bond with collagen. This promotes cell health, elasticity, flexibility, and improve flexibility in joints, arteries, and body tissues such as the heart, improving vision, and blood circulation by strengthening capillaries, arteries, and veins.

In comparison to other grapes, Muscadines have an extra pair of chromosomes. This possibly accounts for their ability to thrive in extremely stressful environmental conditions and making Muscadine naturally resistant to pathogens, and which makes Muscadine Grape Seed Meal a pesticide and fungicide-free product. Regular Grape Seed Meal contains dozens of toxic chemicals from the commercial fungicide residues on grapes (dicarboxyimide, cyproconazole, hexaconazole, kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, penconazole, tetraconazole, and triadimenol).

The specific cultivars of grape which we use in our Muscadine Grape Seed Meal, have very high O.R.A.C values. Each treat bag contains 15,866 mg of Muscadine Grape Seed Meal providing 17,443 O.R.A.C. units of anti-oxidant capacity.

Anti-inflammatory complex: The phenolic compounds present in Muscadine Grape Seed Meal are not only strong antioxidants, but also poses strong synergetic anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, each bag of SuppleKRUNCH Performance™

contains 7,670 mg of raw organic turmeric (with 4% curcumin). Recent studies found phenolic compound curcumin to be 30 times more effective than Bute (phenylbutazone) in inhibiting systemic inflammation and exhibiting strong anti-proliferative effect without negative side effects of Bute. Bute works by inhibiting a class of enzymes called cyclo-oxygenases (COX). Activation of this system is a necessary step in the complex chain of events that results in inflammation. Horses do need COX enzymes (COX-1) for normal kidney function, for secretion of the protective lining that shields the intestines from damage and for production of blood cells. Low-level activation of the inflammatory COX-1 enzymes is essential for normal healing of tissues after injury or for routine wear-and-tear repairs. Horses treated with Bute, especially at high doses or for long periods of time, can develop stomach or colon ulcers, and kidney damage. Recent research has found that Bute can slow the production of joint cartilage and delay bone healing. Bute also interferes with thyroid function. Curcumin has been shown to be non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant preventive and curative effects of curcumin have been observed in experimental animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases.

Omega-3 Complex: Omega-3 (Alpha-Linolenic Fatty Acid) and omega-6 (Linoleic Fatty Acid) fatty acid are essential nutrients in a horse's diet. Nearly every biological function of the horse's body is interconnected to two distinctive pathways (omega-3 and omega-6) and to the balance of these two short chain fatty acids. The shortest chain omega-3 is converted in the horse's body to longer omega-3's (Eicosapentaenoic Fatty Acid and Docosapentaenoic Fatty Acids). Omega-3's are involved in control of inflammation, cardiovascular health, myelin sheath development, allergic reactions, immune responses, hormone modulation, and behavior. They nourish skin cells and are essential for healthy mucus membranes, nerve, hoof, and reproductive tissues. Essential fatty acids play a part in many metabolic processes, and there is evidence to suggest that low levels of essential fatty acids, or the wrong balance of types among the essential fatty acids, may be a factor in a number of illnesses.

The modern day practice of feeding concentrates provides an abundance of omega-6, mainly from vegetable oils and processed grains, but is deficient of omega-3's. In the last fifty years, the balance between the omega-3 and omega-6 in the horse's diet is tilted towards ten to twenty times prevalence of omega-6, which leads to proliferation of inflammation-induced degenerative diseases such as: cancer, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, autoimmunity, allergic hyperactivity, and conditions such as exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH).

When fresh forage represents a high proportion of the horse's diet, they provide a significant quantity of omega-3 (2.6 - 9 oz.), but a small amount of omega-6 (1.8 oz.). The quality of the soil and pasture management, seasonal variations, and the variety in cultivars of grasses and legumes in pastures significantly affect total omega -3 in the forage. The largest amount of omega-3 is found in annual ryegrass, while timothy and alfalfa contain only moderate amounts.

Isolated in a supplemental form such as oil, omega-3's are highly unstable and quickly become rancid, initiating Free Radical Formation and Oxidative Stress in the horse's body when consumed. Milled flax is unstable. Sources of omega-3's found in nature are generally packed with high amounts of antioxidants, and, with the exception of forage, are not well digested in their natural form. Milling, as a rule, improves digestion, but destroys antioxidants and leads to rancidity. Used in our treats, chia seed is a remarkably stable source of high quality omega-3 providing 4,915 mg omega-3 (per 8oz. bag). SuppleKRUNCH™ treats will not go rancid or spoil before "use-by" date.

Precautions

For use in horses only.

Cautions:

If animal's condition worsens, stop using this product and consult your veterinarian professional. Consult with your veterinarian before using this product in animals being treated with anticoagulant medications (Grape Seed and Skin Powder) or blood thinners (Garlic and Quercetin (in Grape Seed)). This product should not be used prior to surgery and for horses with pre-existing anemia (Garlic).

Federal law prohibits the off-label use of this product in ruminants. Warnings: For animal use only. Keep out of the reach of children and other animals. In case of accidental overdose, contact a health professional immediately. This product should not be given to animals intended for human consumption.

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